D5W is initially an isotonic solution and provides free water when dextrose is metabolized (making it a hypotonic solution), expanding the ECF and the ICF.
Dextrose 5% in Water (D5W)ĭ5W (dextrose 5% in water) is a crystalloid isotonic IV fluid with a serum osmolality of 252 mOsm/L. It should not be used for heart failure, pulmonary edema, and renal impairment, or conditions that cause sodium retention as it may risk fluid volume overload. It is also used to replace large sodium losses such as in burn injuries and trauma. Normal saline is the IV fluid used alongside the administration of blood products. It is administered to correct extracellular fluid volume deficit because it remains within the ECF. It is called normal saline solution because the percentage of sodium chloride dissolved in the solution is similar to the usual concentration of sodium and chloride in the intravascular space. Normal saline is the isotonic solution of choice for expanding the extracellular fluid (ECF) volume because it does not enter the intracellular fluid (ICF). It has an osmolality of 308 mOsm/L and gives no calories.
Normal saline solution (0.9% NaCl) or NSS, is a crystalloid isotonic IV fluid that contains water, sodium (154 mEq/L), and chloride (154 mEq/L). Isotonic IV fluids have a total osmolality close to that of the ECF and do not cause red blood cells to shrink or swell.Ĭheat sheet for Isotonic IV Fluids. Such fluids do not alter the osmolality of the vascular compartment. Technically, electrolyte solutions are considered isotonic if the total electrolyte content is approximately 310 mEq/L. When infused, isotonic solutions expand both the intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid spaces, equally. Most IV fluids are isotonic, meaning, they have the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma. There are three types: isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic. They are categorized according to their relative tonicity in relation to plasma. Examples of volume expanders are dextran, human albumin, and plasma.Ĭrystalloid IV solutions contain small molecules that flow easily across semipermeable membranes. Are solutions used to increase the blood volume after a severe blood loss, or loss of plasma. Are used to counteract metabolic alkalosis. Are administered to treat metabolic acidosis. Examples of electrolyte solutions include 0.9 NaCl, Ringer’s Solution, and LRS. Contains varying amounts of cations and anions that are used to replace fluid and electrolytes for clients with continuing losses. Examples of nutrient solutions include D5W, D5NSS. Nutrient solutions are useful in preventing dehydration and ketosis. Water is supplied for fluid requirements and carbohydrate for calories and energy. May contain dextrose, glucose, and levulose to make up the carbohydrate component – and water.
IV solutions can also be classified based on their purpose: Hypertonic solutions have greater concentration of solutes than plasma. Hypotonic solutions have lesser concentration of solutes than plasma. Isotonic IV solutions that have the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma. The most common way to categorize IV fluids is based on their tonicity:
#Iv fluids and body fluid compartments how to#
There are different types of IV fluids and different ways on how to classify them. IV fluid therapy is an efficient and effective way of supplying fluids directly into the intravascular fluid compartment, in replacing electrolyte losses, and in administering medications and blood products. Intravenous fluids (IV Fluids), also known as intravenous solutions, are supplemental fluids used in intravenous therapy to restore or maintain normal fluid volume and electrolyte balance when the oral route is not possible. Nursing Considerations for Colloid IV Solutions.Nursing Considerations for Hypertonic IV Fluids.Nursing Considerations for Hypotonic IV Solutions.Nursing Considerations for Isotonic IV Solutions.Lactated Ringer’s 5% Dextrose in Water (D5LRS).0.9% NaCl (Normal Saline Solution, NSS).
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